KSM is a cryptocurrency that powers Kusama, a protocol that enables cross-blockchain transfers of any type of data or asset. By uniting multiple blockchains, Kusama aims to achieve high degrees of security and scalability. KSM serves as the protocol’s governance token and can be used for staking to secure the network or to connect (“bond”) new chains. Kusama acts as a "canary" or experimental network for Polkadot (a separate protocol that shares the same codebase) in which developers can more quickly test new programs that can be deployed on both.

Optimism is a network of chains called the Superchain, built on the open-source OP Stack. OP Mainnet was the first chain, with several others now operating on the OP Stack architecture, including Base (by Coinbase), Unichain (by Uniswap), Ink (by Kraken), and World Chain (by Worldcoin). The OP Stack serves as a framework for Ethereum Layer 2 chains and supports significant L2 activity. Every OP Chain in the Superchain contributes back to the Optimism Collective and all chains follow a standardized revenue-sharing model: the greater of 2.5% of total chain revenue or 15% of onchain profit (defined as fees minus L1 gas costs) is paid back to the Optimism. By aligning economic incentives across many chains, Optimism aims to transform Ethereum scaling into a sustainable flywheel by delivering fast, low-cost transactions while reinvesting in the future of the ecosystem. OP holders participate in governance to shape protocol upgrades, funding decisions, and more