Bitcoin (BTC) is a decentralized digital asset introduced in 2008 through a whitepaper by an anonymous creator or group known as Satoshi Nakamoto and officially launched in January 2009. Bitcoin is designed as a peer‑to‑peer payment system, enabling people to send, receive, and store value without traditional banks or central authorities.

All transactions are recorded on a public blockchain, a secure, transparent, and decentralized ledger maintained by thousands of independent computers worldwide. The total supply is capped at 21 million BTC, which cannot be increased, making Bitcoin scarce. Each Bitcoin can be divided into 100 million satoshis (0.00000001 BTC), allowing both microtransactions and large transfers.

Bitcoin trades globally against the U.S. dollar in the BTC/USD market. The Bitcoin price today changes in real time depending on global demand and supply across cryptocurrency exchanges.

Bitcoin operates through a decentralized peer‑to‑peer network in which participants can transfer BTC directly to each other without relying on intermediaries. The history of all transactions is stored on the Bitcoin blockchain, a public ledger secured and updated by a distributed network of computers called nodes.

The process of adding new transactions to the blockchain is called mining. Miners use specialized hardware to solve mathematical problems that confirm transaction validity. When a block of transactions is successfully verified, the miner receives a block reward in newly issued BTC along with transaction fees. This process also controls the rate at which new Bitcoin enters circulation.

The BTC/USD price changes continuously in response to market activity. Individuals can buy, sell, and store Bitcoin using wallets that are secured by cryptographic keys, giving them control over their holdings.

Bitcoin can be used in a variety of ways depending on the needs of the user. It is frequently compared to commodities like gold because of its fixed supply of 21 million BTC, although it functions as a digital asset rather than a physical one. Some people use Bitcoin for online payments or to transfer value across borders without relying on banks. Others use it as part of their digital asset portfolio, tracking bitcoin price in USD or comparing it to other currencies in the BTC/USD market.

Many people monitor the Bitcoin price today as an indicator of market activity and adoption, but its price can fluctuate significantly in both directions.

Bitcoin was first launched in January 2009 when its creator, Satoshi Nakamoto, mined the genesis block (Block 0). The first documented exchange of Bitcoin for goods occurred on May 22, 2010, when 10,000 BTC were used to purchase two pizzas. This date is now known as Bitcoin Pizza Day.

In the years that followed, Bitcoin began trading on various exchanges, with its BTC/USD price starting at just a fraction of a cent. By February 2011, Bitcoin reached parity with the U.S. dollar. Since then, its price has experienced significant rises and declines, reaching multiple all‑time highs, including above $122,000 in July 2025. The Bitcoin price today reflects a mix of global demand, adoption trends, and developments within the cryptocurrency ecosystem.

Bitcoin can be purchased by creating an account on Coinbase or an increasing number of other reputable financial technology companies. To buy BTC, you typically need to create an account, complete identity verification, and deposit funds in your local currency. You can then use these funds to purchase Bitcoin based on the current BTC/USD market rate.

The amount of Bitcoin you receive for your purchase depends on the Bitcoin price at the time of the transaction and other factors such as trading fees or commissions. Many exchanges also allow you to track the Bitcoin price today, set alerts for price changes, and choose between one‑time or recurring purchases. Always research the platform you use and ensure it operates in compliance with applicable regulations in your location.

Bitcoin mining is the process by which new Bitcoin enters circulation and transactions are added to the blockchain. Miners use specialized hardware,  often ASIC (Application-Specific Integrated Circuit) machines, to solve complex cryptographic puzzles. This process validates transactions and ensures the network remains secure.

When a miner successfully solves a block, they receive a block reward (currently 3.125 BTC) plus transaction fees. The network automatically adjusts mining difficulty every 2,016 blocks (~two weeks) to maintain a consistent block time of around 10 minutes.

In Bitcoin’s early days, mining could be done on a standard home computer. However, as the network grew and the BTC/USD price increased, competition among miners intensified, making specialized equipment and cheap electricity essential for profitability. Mining also directly influences the Bitcoin price today by regulating the pace at which new coins are released.

Bitcoin was introduced in 2008 by an anonymous person or group under the pseudonym Satoshi Nakamoto. In their whitepaper, Nakamoto proposed a peer-to-peer electronic cash system that would allow value to be transferred without banks or central authorities.

Despite extensive speculation, Nakamoto’s true identity remains unknown. This anonymity reinforces Bitcoin’s decentralized ethos, the network operates without a central leader or controlling entity. Satoshi is believed to have mined around 1 million BTC in Bitcoin’s early days, a holding that remains untouched.

Because Nakamoto has never sold or moved these coins, their potential influence on the BTC price remains theoretical. The mystery surrounding Nakamoto adds to Bitcoin’s unique history and appeal in the digital asset space.

The Bitcoin price in USD is known for experiencing notable short‑term fluctuations, and this volatility can be attributed to a combination of factors. One reason is market liquidity. Although Bitcoin is the largest cryptocurrency by market capitalization, the total value of the BTC/USD market is still smaller than the traditional financial markets. This means that large buy or sell orders can have a proportionally greater effect on the Bitcoin price today.

Another factor is speculative trading. Many market participants actively trade BTC to take advantage of price movements, which can intensify both upward and downward swings. News events and regulatory updates also play a role. Announcements related to government policy, adoption by major companies, or operational issues at cryptocurrency exchanges can influence sentiment and cause rapid changes in the BTC price. In addition, technological developments such as upgrades to the Bitcoin network or shifts in mining activity can impact how traders and investors perceive the market.

Because of these combined influences, the BTC price now can be significantly different from what it was just a few hours earlier. Many people who follow the market use real‑time Bitcoin price trackers to monitor these changes and stay informed about the BTC/USD exchange rate.

The amount of Bitcoin you can purchase for $1 depends entirely on the live BTC/USD exchange rate at the time of the transaction. For instance, if the Bitcoin price today is $40,000 USD, $1 would be equivalent to 0.000025 BTC. If the price increases to $50,000 USD, $1 would instead equal 0.00002 BTC.

Since the BTC price changes constantly in response to global market activity, the value of $1 in Bitcoin will vary throughout the day. Anyone looking to check this conversion can refer to a live Bitcoin price tracker, which provides the most up‑to‑date BTC/USD rate available at any given moment.

In 2009, Bitcoin essentially had no established market price. It was exchanged informally among early adopters who mined BTC themselves. The first known price point came in May 2010, when 10,000 BTC were traded for two pizzas,  a transaction now celebrated as Bitcoin Pizza Day. At the time, that valued each Bitcoin at just a fraction of a cent in USD.

Since then, Bitcoin’s price in USD has risen dramatically, reaching all-time highs in the tens of thousands. The BTC price today reflects over a decade of adoption, speculation, and technological growth.

The largest known Bitcoin holdings belong to Satoshi Nakamoto, the anonymous creator of Bitcoin, who is estimated to have mined roughly 1 million BTC during the cryptocurrency’s earliest days in 2009 and 2010. These coins have never been moved, adding to the mystery and intrigue around Nakamoto’s identity.

Apart from Nakamoto, some of the largest holders of BTC are early adopters and institutional investors. Publicly traded companies and investment funds also hold Bitcoin reserves as part of their treasury or investment strategy. For example, corporations such as Strategy have acquired large amounts of BTC over time.

In 2025, there are approximately 20 million BTC in circulation out of the total maximum supply of 21 million BTC. This fixed limit is built directly into Bitcoin’s code to ensure scarcity, no more than 21 million BTC will ever exist.

The remaining ~1 million BTC will be released gradually through mining rewards until around the year 2140. Every four years, a “halving” event cuts the mining reward in half, slowing the issuance of new coins. This predictable supply schedule is one reason many people view Bitcoin as a deflationary asset.

Because Bitcoin’s circulating supply changes slowly, changes in market demand are a major factor affecting the BTC/USD price and the Bitcoin price today.

The time required to mine 1 BTC depends on the mining hardware, network difficulty, and electricity costs involved. Bitcoin mining is structured so that a new block is added to the blockchain approximately every 10 minutes. Each block currently yields a block reward of 3.125 BTC (as of the latest halving).

This means that on average, the entire Bitcoin network mines about 900 BTC per day. However, for a single miner, the time to mine 1 full BTC could range from days to months, depending on computational power.

As Bitcoin approaches its 21 million BTC supply limit, mining will become more competitive, and rewards will continue to halve every four years. These dynamics can indirectly influence the Bitcoin price in USD over time.

Bitcoin first reached parity with the U.S. dollar in February 2011. This milestone marked the first time 1 BTC equaled $1 USD, a moment that reflected Bitcoin’s shift from an experimental tech project to a digital asset with measurable monetary value.

Since then, the BTC/USD price has seen both dramatic rises and sharp corrections. From $1 in 2011, Bitcoin has gone on to reach multiple all-time highs,  with the Bitcoin price today sitting far higher than its early beginnings.