About zkSealevel

Abstract We present zkSealevel, a complete protocol architecture designed to resolve the fundamental paradox of modern high-throughput monolithic blockchains: the inverse relationship between performance and decentralization. The protocol addresses the state-execution bottleneck—wherein validator hardware requirements scale linearly with network usage, by replacing the paradigm of global re-execution with one of succinct, verifiable computation. Our contributions are threefold. First, we define a complete arithmetization of the Solana Sealevel/BPF virtual machine, enabling the generation of STARK-based proofs of computational integrity for arbitrary state transitions. Second, we integrate this proving system with a Verkle Tree-based state commitment layer and a 2D Reed-Solomon Data Availability Sampling scheme to form a complete, cryptographically secure verification pipeline. Third, and most critically, we introduce a novel economic security mechanism, the Validator Lock, which leverages the protocol's native token, $zKSL, as a capital-efficient, Sybil-resistance bond. This mechanism ensures that the act of lowering the computational barrier to entry does not introduce new attack vectors. We provide a rigorous security analysis of the composed protocol, proving its soundness, completeness, and long-term viability. zkSealevel is not an incremental upgrade; it is a full-stack redesign of a blockchain's trust foundation.

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